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Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS)
By Sonja Lyubomirsky‚ Ph.D.
For each of the following statements and/or questions‚ please circle the point on the scale that you feel is most appropriate in describing you.
1. In general‚ I consider myself:

1
not a very happy person
2
3
4
5
6
7
a very happy person

2. Compared to most of my peers‚ I consider myself:

1
less happy
2
3
4
5
6
7
More happy

3. Some people are generally very happy. They enjoy life regardless of what is going on‚ getting the most out of everything. To what extent does this ch‎aracterization describe you?

1
not at all
2
3
4
5
6
7
a great deal

4. Some people are generally not very happy. Although they are not depressed‚ they never seem as happy as they might be. To what extent does this ch‎aracterization describe you?

1
not at all
2
3
4
5
6
7
a great deal

Note: Item #4 is reverse coded.

توسط: کارشناس ندای مهر
15 مهر 1391

Survey of Recent Life Experiences (Kohn & Macdonald‚ 1992) – Short form of a measure of hassles
Instructions:

Following is a list of experiences which many people have some time or other. Please indicate for each experience how much it has been a part of your life over the past month. Put a “1” in the box provided next to an experience if it was not at all part of your life over the past month; “2” for an experience that was only slightly part of your life over that time; “3” for an experience that was distinctly part of your life; and “4” for an experience that was very much part of your life over the past month.

Intensity of Experience over the Past Month
1 = not at all part of my life
2 = only slightly part of my life
3 = distinctly part of my life
4 = very much part of my life
Disliking your daily activities
2.
Disliking your work
3.
Ethnic or racial conflict
4.
Conflicts with in-laws or boyfriend’s/girlfriend’s family
5.
Being let down or disappointed by friends
6.
Conflicts with supervisor(s) at work
7.
Social rejection
8.
Too many things to do at once
9.
Being taken for granted
10.
Financial conflicts with family members
11.
ha‎ving your trust betrayed by a friend
12.
ha‎ving your contributions overlooked
13.
Struggling to meet your own standards of performance and accomplishment
14.
Being taken advantage of
15.
Not enough leisure time
16.
Cash flow difficulties
17.
A lot of responsibilities
18.
Dissatisfaction with work
19.
Decisions about intimate relationship(s)
20.
Not enough time to meet your obligations
21.
Financial burdens
22.
Lower evaluation of your work than you think you deserve
23.
Experiencing high levels of noise
24.
Lower evaluation of your work than you hoped for
25.
Conflicts with family member(s)
26.
Finding your work too demanding
27.
Conflicts with friend(s)
28.
Trying to secure loans
29.
Getting “ripped off” or cheated in the purchase of goods
30.
Unwanted interruptions of your work
31.
Social isolation
32.
Being ignored
33.
Dissatisfaction with your physical appearance
34.
Unsatisfactory housing conditions
35.
Finding work uninteresting
36.
Failing to get money you expected
37.
Gossip about someone you care about
38.
Dissatisfaction with your physical fitness
39.
Gossip about yourself
40.
Difficulty dealing with modern technology (e.g. computers)
41.
Hard work to look after and maintain home
References
Kohn‚ P. & Macdonald‚ J.E. (1992). The Survey of Life Experiences: A decontaminated hassles scale for adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine‚ 15‚ 221-
http://www.yorku.ca/rokada/
توسط: کارشناس ندای مهر
15 مهر 1391

Benefit Findingتست مربوط به بیماری سرطان پستان است .
The Benefit Finding scale for breast cancer assesses the perception that positive contributions were made to one's life by the experience of being diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer.  The original scale was developed by Vicki Helgeson at Carnegie Mellon University (citation below). We wrote a few additional items and distilled the set down a little by removing difficult and redundant items.  In our intervention study‚ cited below‚ the items tended to form a single factor.  In a later study‚ also cited below‚ we found that benefit finding early in the cancer experience predicted better psychosocial adjustment years later.

Tomich‚ P. L.‚ & Helgeson‚ V. S. (2004). Is finding something good in the bad always good? Benefit finding among women with breast cancer. Health Psychology‚ 23‚ 16-23.
Antoni‚ M. H.‚ Lehman‚ J. M.‚ Kilbourn‚ K. M.‚ Boyers‚ A. E.‚ Culver‚ J. L.‚ Alferi‚ S. M.‚ Yount‚ S. E.‚ McGregor‚ B. A.‚ Arena‚ P. L.‚ Harris‚ S. D.‚ Price‚ A. A.‚ & Carver‚ C. S.  (2001).  Cognitive-behavioral stress management intervention decreases the prevalence of depression and enhances benefit finding among women under treatment for early-stage breast cancer.  Health Psychology‚ 20‚ 20-32.     [abstract]

Carver‚ C. S.‚ & Antoni‚ M. H. (2004).  Finding benefit in breast cancer during the year after diagnosis predicts better adjustment 5 to 8 years after diagnosis. Health Psychology‚ 26‚ 595-598.   [abstract]
-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-‎-
Benefit Finding
Cancer patients sometimes feel that ha‎ving cancer makes contributions to their lives‚ as well as causing problems.  Indicate how much you agree with each of the following‚ using these response options.
1 = Not at all
2 = A little
3 = Moderately
4 = Quite a bit
5 = Extremely
ha‎ving had breast cancer ...
1.  has led me to be more accepting of things.
2.  has taught me how to adjust to things I cannot change.
3.  has helped me take things as they come.
4.  has brought my family closer together.
5.  has made me more sensitive to family issues.
6.  has taught me that everyone has a purpose in life.
7.  has shown me that all people need to be loved.
8.  has made me realize the importance of planning for my family’s future.
9.  has made me more aware and concerned for the future of all human beings.
10.  has taught me to be patient.
11.  has led me to deal better with stress and problems.
12.  has led me to meet people who have become some of my best friends.
13.  has contributed to my overall emotional and spiritual growth.
14.  has helped me become more aware of the love and support available from other people.
15.  has helped me realize who my real friends are.
16.  has helped me become more focused on priorities‚ with a deeper sense of purpose in life.
17.  has helped me become a stronger person‚ more able to cope effectively with future life challenges.

توسط: کارشناس ندای مهر
15 مهر 1391

Perceived Stress Scale PSS
INSTRUCTIONS: The questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. In each case‚ please indicate with a check how often you felt or
thought a certain way.
1. In the last month‚ how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
2. In the last month‚ how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
3. In the last month‚ how often have you felt nervous and "stressed"?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
4. In the last month‚ how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your
personal problems?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
5. In the last month‚ how often have you felt that things were going your way?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
6. In the last month‚ how often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
7. In the last month‚ how often have you been able to control irritations in your life?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
8. In the last month‚ how often have you felt that you were on top of things?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
9. In the last month‚ how often have you been angered because of things that were outside of your control?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
10. In the last month‚ how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them?
___0=never ___1=almost never ___2=sometimes ___3=fairly often ___4=very often
DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVED STRESS‚ AFFECT‚ ANXIETY‚ AND COPING
ABILITY AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION COURSES
by
Rachel Permuth-Levine‚ MSPH‚ CHES
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the
University of Maryland‚ College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2007

توسط: کارشناس ندای مهر
15 مهر 1391

Answer the following questions adapted from Rod Martin's Humor Styles Questionnaire. Respond as honestly and objectively as you can.

 

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Totally Disagree
Moderately Disagree
Slightly Disagree
Neither Agree nor Disagree
Slightly Agree
Moderately Agree
Totally Agree


How Do You Use Humor?
1- If someone makes a mistake‚ I will often tease them about it.
2- I let people laugh at me or make fun at my expense more than I should.
3- I don't have to work very hard at making other people laugh-I seem to be a naturally humorous person.
4- Even when I'm by myself‚ I'm amused by the absurdities of life.
5- People are never offended or hurt by my sense of humor.
6- I rarely make other people laugh by telling funny stories about myself.
7- My humorous outlook keeps me from getting overly upset or depressed about things.
8- If I'm by myself and I'm feeling unhappy‚ I think of something funny to cheer myself up.
9- Sometimes I can't stop myself from saying something funny‚ even if it isn't appropriate.
10- I enjoy making people laugh.
11- If I am feeling upset‚ I usually lose my sense of humor.
12- When I am with friends or family‚ I am often the one whom other people joke about.

13- If I am ha‎ving problems or feeling unhappy‚ I often cover it up by joking around so that even my closest friends don't know how I really feel.

14- I usually can't think of witty things to say when I'm with other people.
15- Even if something is really funny‚ I won't joke about it if someone will be offended.
16- Letting others laugh at me is my way of keeping them in good spirits.

From: Psychology Today Magazine. July/August 2006. p 77

www.PsychologyToday.com.

 

توسط: کارشناس ندای مهر
15 مهر 1391

The Personality Disorder Features Screener (PDFS-56).
This 56-item questionnaire was termed the Personality Disorders Features Screener (PDFS-56); it is designed to measure nonclinical features of the ten personality disorders specified in DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association‚ 2000). The questionnaire is essentially a simplified version of other personality disorder screening questionnaires similar to the ones we have previously used in research with non-clinical samples (e.g.‚ Meyer‚ 2002; Meyer & Carver‚ 2000; Meyer et al.‚ 2005).
A 4-point response scale was used; participants were asked to indicate whether they disagreed strongly (1)‚ disagreed slightly (2)‚ agreed slightly (3)‚ or agreed strongly (4) with each item.
1. I have a hard time trusting a partner because I know how common it is that they might cheat or secretly deceive me.
2. It happens quite often that people want to take advantage of me‚ but I’m usually good at detecting this and doing something about it.
3. I’m probably a bit more suspicious than the average person‚ but that means that I get tricked less easily.
4. Most people are much less trustworthy (and more selfish) than they would like you to believe.
5. I don’t easily share secrets with others because they tend to use it against you at a later time.
6. I am known as a rather cold‚ unemotional person‚ but that’s just who I am.
7. I actually don’t have real friends and that’s okay with me.
8. I prefer to spend time on my own rather than with other people‚ and most of my hobbies require little contact with others.
9. Other people are simply not very important to me (including family members).
10. I don’t feel comfortable in social situations because I don’t trust others.
11. I’m aware that others often think of me as strange‚ odd‚ peculiar‚ or bizarre because of the way I dress or act.
12. My beliefs and ideas may seem strange‚ odd‚ or eccentric to others (but I like them).
13. My sense of humor is very different from the majority and people often ‘‘don’t get it’’ or ‘‘don’t get me.’’
14. I can often sense or see special things or detect meanings that other people just don’t notice.
15. I’ve broken the law many times.
16. If someone seriously annoys me or gets in my way‚ I can get quite nasty with them (and I’m not a weak kind of person who regrets it later!).
17. I’m good at tricking others or making them believe something that isn’t true‚ and I use this skill for my benefit.
18. If I’m honest‚ I have to say that I often lie or cheat to get ahead in life.
19. I’m not the kind of person who is plagued by guilt or shame just because I might have upset someone.
20. As a child I used to get into a lot of trouble for ‘‘bad’’ behaviour (fighting‚ lying‚ stealing‚ etc.).
21. My emotions are like a roller-coaster: very intense and quickly going from very high to very low.
22. Often people that I thought would be great turn out to be horrible.
23. When I’m really stressed‚ I sometimes start to feel strange‚ weird‚ or paranoid (as if the whole world is against me).
24. I sometimes feel so desperate or awful that I have thoughts of wanting to harm or even kill myself.
25. My relationships are usually extremely intense‚ stormy‚ emotional‚ and unstable.
26. I often get so angry or even hateful that I hardly recognize myself later.
27. I get panicky or desperate when I think someone close will leave me or abandon me.
28. I often feel empty inside: not sure who I am or where I’m going with my life.
29. If something upsets me‚ my emotions can get out of control rather easily.
30. I often do things for a kick or a thrill even though I know they may be self-damaging (e.g.‚ ha‎ving sex with people I hardly know‚ doing drugs‚ getting extremely drunk).
31. I’m a ‘‘social butterfly’’ who can easily show whatever emotions the situation requires.
32. I love being the ‘‘life of the party‚’’ I’m a born entertainer!
33. I can be very sexy or seductive‚ and I know how to use it!
34. Most people who meet me almost instantly love me because I’m such a ch‎arming person!
35. Some people may consider me to be overly dramatic‚ but that’s just my style!
36. I may not be the most precise‚ but when I speak it’s always animated‚ full of passion‚ ch‎arm‚ and flair.
37. I’m a multi-talented person who is actually far more gifted than average people.
38. Other people may find me a bit grandiose or ‘‘full of myself‚’’ but if I’m perfectly honest I actually do think that I’m in many ways more special or better than average people.
39. Even though they may not always admit it‚ other people often admire me because of my abilities or talents.
40. Other people at times find me arrogant‚ but that’s really their problem!
41. I’m sure that if I wanted to‚ I could achieve extreme heights of success‚ power‚ or brilliance in life.
42. I often feel somewhat inferior or inadequate in social situations.
43. I’m socially quite shy‚ restrained‚ or inhibited.
44. I don’t like getting involved with other people because I often feel they may ridicule or not accept me.
45. I find it hard to relax when I’m around others because I always feel they may reject or disapprove of me.
46. I’m very sensitive to other people’s criticism.
47. I can be a bit submissive‚ needy‚ or clingy in close relationships‚ but I try to not let that become a problem.
48. I’m not good at making decisions by myself; I need someone trusted to make the decisions for me.
49. It’s hard for me to disagree with others because I fear that if I disagree‚ they may dislike me.
50. If I were all alone‚ without a supportive partner‚ I probably would feel quite helpless and unable to make it.
51. Being in a close relationship is extremely important to me; it gives my life purpose and direction.
52. I often insist that things be done exactly my way‚ and I get annoyed when other people try to ‘‘cut corners’’ or perform a job poorly.
53. I’m known to be a bit of a perfectionist or ‘‘control freak.’’
54. My standards for performance are extremely high‚ I’m never satisfied with ‘‘just getting the job done’’; it needs to be done very‚ very well.
55. I like to attend to details‚ rules‚ lists‚ order‚ and schedules‚ in order to ensure that everything proceeds correctly‚ without errors.
56. I can be quite stubborn‚ but it’s usually in the service of doing things the right way and not compromising my high standards.
Happiness and despair on the catwalk: Need satisfaction‚ well-being‚ and personality adjustment among fashion models
BJORN MEYER1‚ MARIA K. ENSTROM1‚ MONA HARSTVEIT1‚ DAVID P. BOWLES2‚ &
CHRISTOPHER G. BEEVERS3
1City University‚ London‚ UK‚ 2Sheffield Hallam University‚ UK‚ and 3University of Texas at Austin‚ USA
The Journal of Positive Psychology‚ January 2007; 2(1): 2–17

توسط: کارشناس ندای مهر
15 مهر 1391

Life Event Checklist LEL
Below are questions about a number of events that commonly happen in people's lives. Each question is concerned with whether an event has happened to you (and in some cases your spouse) during the LAST 12 MONTHS.
Please respond YES‚ if the event happened and NO‚ if it didn't. For several of the events‚ there are also some follow-up questions for those who answer yes.
When we ask a question about a person's spouse/partner‚ we are referring to both MARRIED SPOUSES and to unmarried partners who LIVE TOGETHER and have a MARITAL-LIKE relationship.
Some of the questions we ask below may remind you of rather painful feelings. They are‚ however‚ extremely important to people when they do happen‚ so please try to answer.
1. Have you moved during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.2) Yes
If yes:
a. Would you say that you moved to a neighborhood that is better‚ worse‚ or about the same as where you were living?
Same
Better
Worse
b. Overall‚ would you say that your moving was a good or bad experience?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
2. Have you broken off an engagement to be married or ended an intimate relationship during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.3) Yes
If yes:
a. How would you rate your feelings about breaking up?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
3. Did you get married during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.4) Yes
If yes:
a. Did you want to get married?
No Yes
b. Overall‚ would you rate getting married as a good or bad experience?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
4. Did someone you were close to die during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.5) Yes
If yes‚ who:
Spouse or intimate friend
Parent
Spouse's parent
Brother or sister child other relatives
Friend
Other
5. Were you separated or divorced during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.6) Yes
If yes:
a. Did you want to get separated or divorced?
No Yes
b. Overall‚ would you rate your separation or divorce as a good or bad experience?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
6. Did you break up with a close friend during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.7) Yes
If yes:
a. Did you want to break up with this friend?
No Yes
b. Overall‚ would you rate your breaking up as a good or bad experience?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
7. Have you had any important relationship‚ for example‚ with your spouse‚ a close friend‚ your boss‚ or a family member become significantly worse during the last 12 months (this should not include the relationship referred to in item 6 above)?
No (Skip to Q.8) Yes
If yes:
a. With whom? (more than one response is possible)
Boss
Spouse
Friend
Child
Parent
Other family member
8. Did you have a child or adopt a child during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.9) Yes
If yes:
a. Is this a first child?
No Yes
b. Did you plan to have this child?
No Yes
c. Would you rate ha‎ving a child and adjusting to ha‎ving a child as a good or bad experience?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
9. Have you‚ a very close friend‚ or close family member had an accident that required emergency medical treatment during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.10) Yes
If yes:
a. Who? (more than one response is possible)
You
Spouse/partner
Child
Parent
Spouse’s parent
Brother or sister
Friend
Other
10. Have you‚ a very close friend‚ or close family member been hospitalized for a serious (life- threatening) illness during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.11) Yes
If yes:
a. Who? (more than one response is possible)
You
Spouse/partner
Child
Parent
Spouse’s parent
Brother or sister
Friend
Other
11a. (Women) Have you been pregnant during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.12) Yes
If yes:
a. Was the pregnancy planned or unplanned?
Planned Unplanned
b. How would you rate being pregnant?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
11b. (Men) Has your wife‚ partner or girlfriend been pregnant during the last 12 months? [Tick no if you do not have a wife‚ partner‚ or girlfriend.]
No (Skip to Q.12) Yes
If yes:
a. Was the pregnancy planned or unplanned?
Planned Unplanned
b. How would you rate being pregnant?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
12a. (Women) Have you had an abortion during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.13) Yes
12b. (Men) Has your wife‚ partner or girlfriend had an abortion during the last 12 months? [Tick no if you do not have a wife‚ partner‚ or girlfriend.]
No (Skip to Q.13) Yes
13a. (Women) Have you had a miscarriage or stillbirth during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.14) Yes
13b. (Men) Has your wife‚ partner or girlfriend had a miscarriage or stillbirth during the last 12 months? [Tick no if you do not have a wife‚ partner‚ or girlfriend.]
No (Skip to Q.14) Yes
14. Have you or your spouse/partner lost or changed jobs or been involuntarily unemployed during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.15) Yes
If yes:
a. Who?
You
Spouse/partner
Both
b. Why did you (or spouse) leave? (answer only for you if both lost or changed jobs)
On strike
Temporarily laid off
Fired
Found better job
Plant or business closing or reorganizing
Retired
Other
c. Could you (or spouse) have stayed in your old job if you wanted?
No Yes
d. How would you rate your feelings about leaving your job? (or your spouse leaving his/her job)?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
15. During the last 12 months‚ have you or your spouse/partner suffered a significant business or investment loss or has a business you owned failed?
No (Skip to Q.16) Yes
If yes:
a. Who?
You
Spouse/partner
Both
16. During the last 12 months‚ have you or your spouse/partner had any serious problems or disappointment at school or in an educational course (university‚ training program‚ etc.)?
(answer only for you if both had disappointments)
No (Skip to Q.17) Yes
If yes:
a. Who?
You
Spouse/partner
Both
b. What was the disappointment?
Demoted
Failed to get raise or promotion
Failed a course
Trouble with boss or coworkers
Put on academic probation
Failed to get into an educational course (college‚ training program‚ etc.)
Other
17. Have you or your spouse/partner had significant success at work or in an educational course (university‚ training program) during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.18) Yes
If yes:
a. Who?
You
Spouse/partner
Both
18. Has there been a significant change in your personal finances during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.19) Yes
If yes:
a. Has the change been for the better or worse?
Better         Worse
19. Has your house been broken into and/or burgled during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.20) Yes
20. Have you or your spouse/partner or other member of your immediate family been assaulted or mugged during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.21) Yes
If yes:
a. Who? (more than one response is possible)
You
Spouse/partner
Child
Parent
Brother or sister
Other
21. Has the behavior of any member of your family been a significant problem for you during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.22) Yes
If yes:
a. Who? (more than one response is possible)
Spouse/partner
Child
Parent
Brother or sister
Other
22. Have you or your spouse/partner had to appear in court during the last 12 months as a defendant‚ a witness in a criminal case‚ or as party to a suit?
No (Skip to Q.23) Yes
If yes:
a. Who?
You
Spouse/partner
Both
b. How would you rate the court experience?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
23. Have you had a pet (animal) to whom you were attached die‚ or get lost‚ or did you have to give it away during the last 12 months?
No (Skip to Q.24) Yes
24. Other than the events we have already asked about‚ have any other important things happened to you or to a very close friend or close family member in the last 12 months that made that period significantly different from a typical year?
No (DONE w/ Questionnaire) Yes
If yes:
You can list up to three (3) events. Please do not feel obliged to include an additional event or events unless they were significant!
Event 1: To whom?
You
Spouse/partner
Child
Parent
Spouse’s parent
Brother or sister
Friend
Other
What happened?
Did you want the event to happen?
No Yes
How would you rate your feelings about this event?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
Event 2: To whom?
You
Spouse/partner
Child
Parent
Spouse’s parent
Brother or sister
Friend
Other
What happened?
Did you want the event to happen?
No Yes
How would you rate your feelings about this event?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
Event 3: To whom?
You
Spouse/partner
Child
Parent
Spouse’s parent
Brother or sister
Friend
Other
What happened?
Did you want the event to happen?
No Yes
How would you rate your feelings about this event?
Very good
Moderately good
Slightly good
Slightly bad
Moderately bad
Very bad
version: 12/13/2006 Life Events Checklist (LEL
www.psy.cmu.edu/ha‎vingscohen/Life_Events_Checklist_LEL.pdf

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15 مهر 1391

Southampton Nostalgia Scale (Routledge‚ Arndt‚ Sedikides‚ & Wildschut‚ 2008)
1. How often do you experience nostalgia?

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Very rarely
very frequently

2. How prone are you to feeling nostalgic?

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Very rarely
very frequently

3. Generally speaking‚ how often do you bring to mind nostalgic experiences?

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Very rarely
very frequently

4. Specifically‚ how often do you bring to mind nostalgic experiences?
_____ At least once a day
_____ Three to four times a week
_____ Approximately twice a week
_____ Approximately once a week
_____ Once or twice a month
_____ Once every couple of months
_____ Once or twice a year
5. How important is it for you to bring to mind nostalgic experiences?

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Very rarely
very frequently

Who I Am Is Who I Was: Exploring the Identity-Maintenance Function of Nostalgia
By
Matthew W. Baldwin
Submitted to the graduate degree program in Psychology and the Graduate Faculty of the
University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ma‎ster of Arts.

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15 مهر 1391

The Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS)

13 Item Shyness Scale | 20 Item Shyness Scale

Cheek‚ J.M. (1983). Unpublished‚ Wellesley College‚ Wellesley MA 02181
Original 9-item version in Cheek‚ J.M.‚ & Buss‚ A.H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology‚ 41‚ 330-339.

INSTRUCTIONS: Please read each item carefully and decide to what extent it is ch‎aracteristic of your feelings and behavior. Fill in the blank next to each item by choosing a number from the scale printed below.
1 = Very unch‎aracteristic or untrue‚ strongly disagree
2 = Unch‎aracteristic
3 = Neutral
4 = ch‎aracteristic
5 = Very ch‎aracteristic or true‚ strongly agree
____
1. I feel tense when I'm with people I don't know well.
____
2. I am socially somewhat awkward.
____
3. I do not find it difficult to ask other people for information.
____
4. I am often uncomfortable at parties and other social functions.
____
5. When in a group of people‚ I have trouble thinking of the right things to talk about.
____
6. It does not take me long to overcome my shyness in new situations.
____
7. It is hard for me to act natural when I am meeting new people.
____
8. I feel nervous when speaking to someone in authority.
____
9. I have no doubts about my social competence.
____
10. I have trouble looking someone right in the eye.
____
11. I feel inhibited in social situations.
____
12. I do not find it hard to talk to strangers.
____
13. I am more shy with members of the opposite sex.

Items 3‚ 6‚ 9 & 12 are reversed‚ recode before scoring. (1=5) (2=4) (4=2) (5=1)
For college students‚ mean = 33.3 for men and 32.4 for women‚ alpha coefficient = .90‚ 45-day retest reliability = .88‚ correlation with aggregated ratings of shyness by friends and family = .68‚ and correlation with original 9-item version = .96. This revised scale is copyright 1983‚ Jonathan M. Cheek. The scale may be used in non-profit educational research without further permission.
For More Information
Cheek‚ J.M.‚ & Briggs‚ S.R. (1990). Shyness as a personality trait. In W.R. Crozier (Ed.)‚ Shyness and Embarrassment: Perspectives from Social Psychology (pp. 315 - 337). Cambridge‚ UK: Cambridge University Press.
Cheek‚ J. M.‚ & Melchior‚ L.A. (1990). Shyness‚ self-esteem‚ and self-consciousness. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.)‚ Handbook of Social and Evaluation Anxiety (pp. 47-82). New York: Plenum Publishing.
Leary‚ M.R. (1991). Social anxiety‚ shyness‚ and related Constructs. In Robinson‚ J.P.‚ Shaver‚ P.R.‚ & Wrightsman‚ L.S. (Eds.)‚ Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes (pp. 182-184). San Diego: Academic Press.
20 Item Shyness Scale

Cheek‚ J.M.‚ & Melchior‚ L.A. (1985). Measuring the Three Components of Shyness. In M.H. Davis & S.L. Franzoi (Co-chairs)‚ Emotion‚ Personality‚ and Personal Well-Being II. Symposium conducted at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association‚ Los Angeles.

INSTRUCTIONS: Please read each item carefully and decide to what extent it is ch‎aracteristic of your feelings and behavior. Fill in the blank next to each item by choosing a number from the scale printed below.
1 = very unch‎aracteristic or untrue‚ strongly disagree
2 = unch‎aracteristic
3 = neutral
4 = ch‎aracteristic
5 = very ch‎aracteristic or true‚ strongly agree
____
1. I feel tense when I’m with people I don’t know well.
____
2. During conversations with new acquaintances‚ I worry about saying something dumb.
____
3. I am socially somewhat awkward.
____
4. I do not find it difficult to ask other people for information.
____
5. I am often uncomfortable at parties and other social gatherings.
____
6. When in a group of people‚ I have trouble thinking of the right things to talk about.
____
7. I feel relaxed even in unfamiliar social situations
____
8. It is hard for me to act natural when I am meeting new people.
____
9. I feel painfully self-conscious when I am around strangers.
____
10. I am confident about my social skills.
____
11. I feel nervous when speaking to someone in authority.
____
12. I have trouble looking someone right in the eye.
____
13. I am usually a person who initiates conversation.
____
14. I often have doubts about whether other people like to be with me.
____
15. Sometimes being introduced to new people makes me feel physically upset (for example‚ ha‎ving an upset stomach‚ pounding heart‚ sweaty palms‚ or heat rash).
____
16. I do not find it hard to talk to strangers.
____
17. I worry about how well I will get along with new acquaintances.
____
18. I am shy when meeting someone of the opposite sex.
____
19. It does not take me long to overcome my shyness in a new situation.
____
20. I feel inhibited in social situations.

Items 4‚ 7‚ 10‚ 13‚ 16‚ & 19 are reversed‚ recode before scoring. (1=5) (2=4) (4=2) (5=1)
In the scale revision/construction sample of 326 college students the alpha coefficient of internal consistency reliability for the 20-item shyness scales was .94 (M = 51.8; SD = 13.6) and it correlated .96 with the original Cheek & Buss 9-item shyness scale. Melchior and Cheek (1990) reported that in a sample of 31 college women the 20-item scale had a 45-day test-retest reliability of .91‚ and correlated .69 with aggregated ratings of shyness received from family members and close friends.
For More Information
Cheek‚ J.M.‚ & Krasnoperova‚ E.N. (1999). Varieties of shyness in adolescence and adulthood. In L.A. Schmidt & J. Schulkin (Eds.)‚ Extreme Fear‚ Shyness‚ and Social Phobia: Origins‚ Biological Mechanisms‚ and Clinical Outcomes (pp. 224-250). New York: Oxford University Press.
Melchior‚ L.A.‚ & Cheek‚ J.M. (1990). Shyness and anxious self-preoccupation during a social interaction. In M. Booth-Butterfield (Ed.)‚ Communication‚ cognition‚ and anxiety (Special issue). Journal of Social Behavior and Personality‚ 5‚ 117- 130. (Reprinted by Sage in book form‚ 1991)
http://www.wellesley.edu/Psychology/Cheek

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15 مهر 1391

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